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Way to use the term national flag or the flag state is different in different countries of the world and due to historical, cultural and legal issues. In Western Europe, especially English-speaking and French-speaking, generally identified with the people (called the Nation, fr. Le Nation) of the total country nationals. Therefore, there is used, rather the concept of the national flag. Use of the term flag ladies stwowa is more evident in the countries of multinational and multinational, and in those where nation and state are seen as two fundamentally different quality.
Ambiguity is apparent also that in some countries there is a separate flag applies to state institutions is called the flag state (the Polish language this term is often translated as the official flag), and a separate flag intended for private citizens, generally known as civil flag. Both and are referred to herein as the national flag. In general, the official flag has a coat ladies stwowy a flag it does not have a civilian. An example of such a solution is Germany. The situation in Poland, where there is known. flag with the emblem and flag without the emblem, is not identical with the above division, for the official use of the flag with the emblem is very limited.
A third variant of the national flag may be a flag of war - it is a distinct variant of the state or national flag designed for the armed forces. It occurs or occurred in only a few countries. In Poland, in principle, the flag of war does not occur, although to some extent, its role does the flag of airports and military aerodromes.
A specific category of the national flag and national flag are. This concept is defined in Polish flags raised on the craft (ships and vessels). The distinction between the flag and the flag is a land but only in certain languages, such as in the English language makes a distinction between the flag (a flag) of the flag (an ensign). By contrast, for example in Germany there is only one word die Flagge.
In some countries, the flag differ from the national flag on land use (an example might be the flag of the United Kingdom). In others, there is only one variant is used both on land and at sea, such as France and the United States.
In the case of flags in general, there is more clear than on land divided into different visually war flag raised on warships, commercial flag and sometimes acting officially raised the flag on the craft the state's civil service. Variant of the flag the official flag is sometimes a separate border guard vessels. A special kind of flag, while a national flag is a pennant.
The concept of the national flag shall also often colloquially flags of nations, nationalities and ethnic groups do not have their own state, such as the flag of the Kurds, Bretons, etc. Some of them have official status flags administrative units, such as Senyera, seen as a flag of national flag Kataloń
czyków, is also the official flag of the Autonomous Region of Catalonia. Some national flags have been proclaimed by the organizations, political committees congresses and pretending to represent these people, and still others are quite informal status. In weksylologii they are generally referred to as flags of national minorities.
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History of the national flag
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Some of the currently used national and state flags have a centuries-old tradition, for example, used a flag of Denmark since the Middle Ages. However, in principle, for the period before the eighteenth century can not talk about national and state flags in the full sense of the word. Flags, referred to, were only the flags of war and trade, rather kojarzonymi the monarch and his forces, and not with the state, and even more so with all its inhabitants. Some of the merchant ships used the fact of separate municipal flags and flags of trading companies. On the other hand, used onshore banners and flags, which were rather the products of crafts rather than mass production, mainly present the heraldic emblem, and have not been standardized, and will only be used normally.
The modern state and the national flag - and then standardized, seen as a symbol of the state and nation, pre-manufactured or so simple that it can be done independently at home by an ordinary citizen, began to appear at the end of the eighteenth century and was the result of the democratization of politics, related, inter alia, the American War of Independence and the French Revolution. In the nineteenth century European culture to use the national flag adopted in those countries outside Europe, which were regarded as subjects of international law and the members of the so-called. the family of nations such as China, Japan, Siam. The emergence of another national flag to contribute each successive waves of emergence of new states on the political map of the world: decolonization of Latin America in the first half of the nineteenth century, the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and czarist Russia after World War I, decolonization of Asia and Africa after World War II, and finally the collapse of the USSR and Yugoslavia.
Frequent elements of flags
- Horizontal stripes (2 or 3, rarely
more) or vertical (usually 3),
- The cross (eg, flags of the Scandinavian
countries, the cross of St. Andrew - United
Kingdom, the Cross Greek - Greece, etc.)
- Crescent (the flags of Muslim countries
such as Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkey,
Pakistan, Algeria)
- Wheels (the flags of Japan, Korea,
Greenland)
- Star (single or constellations such
as Vietnam, Australia)
- Such as the national emblem of Slovakia,
Bulgaria and Croatia.
Family flags.
Flags of countries and nations close
culturally, politically and geographically
is often similar to each other another,
and so for example:
- Flags of all countries and peoples
of Scandinavia and the Nordic countries,
and often the flags of regions and subdivisions
in these countries are composed on the basis
of the cross Scandinavian, ie the cross
with his left arm (toward the mast) shorter
than the right;
- Flags of countries and the Slavic peoples
made up a large part of the so-called. colors
"pansłowiańskich", ie blue, white
and red, such as the flag of Croatia, the
Czech flag, the flag of Yugoslavia, the
Russian flag, the flag of Serbia, flag Slovakia
flag Slovenia flag Sorbs;
- Flags of the Arab countries are often
"Pan-Arab" colors black-white-red-green,
which refer to the flags used by the Arabs
during the uprising against the Ottoman
Empire in 1916, whose colors are seen as
symbols of the family of Mohammed, and three
historic kalifatów: Abbasid , Fatimid
and Umayyad;
- Flags of Islamic states often contain
the color green and the crescent and star
symbol;
- Flags of African countries generally
have a "pan-African" color of
red-yellow-green, referring to the flag
of Ethiopia, the State is regarded as a
bastion of effective resistance against
colonialism, additionally or alternatively
with one of these three colors is the color
black symbolizes Africa and the fight against
colonial oppression ;
- The flag states of the Commonwealth
of Nations are often reduced in the canton
of the flag of Great Britain.
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